Multi-objective planning for optimal location, sizing, and power factor of distributed generators with capacitor banks in unbalanced power distribution networks

Allocating local real and reactive power effectively within distribution networks is crucial for meeting customer demand and upholding the quality of electrical energy. Optimal placement of distributed generators (DGs) and capacitor banks (CBs) is paramount in enhancing the efficiency of the power distribution system. However, in unbalanced radial distribution networks, achieving proper DG unit allocation remains challenging due to phase imbalances in loading and network structure, hindering the utilization of their full capacity. This article proposes a method for determining the suitable locations, sizes, and power factors of DG with CB units, considering the inherently unbalanced operation of the distribution network. The objective function aims to minimize power loss, improve multi-phase voltage stability, and enhance voltage balance among phases within the system. To address this complex multi-objective optimization problem, a fast and flexible radial power flow (FFRPF) technique is integrated, and an adaptive weighted aggregation method utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed for the solution. The proposed algorithm’s performance is evaluated on unbalanced radial distribution networks (URDNs) consisting of 19, 25, 34, and 123 buses under various scenarios. Investigation of the simulation’s output reveals significant enhancements in power distribution efficiency across all tested URDNs.