A novel bald eagle search optimised ANFIS controlled high gain sepic converter-based efficient regenerative charging control for electric vehicles

The advancement of energy regenerative capabilities in photovoltaic (PV)-based electric vehicle (EVs) expands their energetic range, rendering them a viable alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This work presents a novel and innovative energy regeneration mechanism that uses a bald eagle search optimisation-based adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (BESO-ANFIS) for PV powered by brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. BLDC motor is commonly utilised motor in EV technology, because of their low maintenance, high efficiency, and power consumption. The model and control of effective regenerative charging control employing BESO-tuned ANFIS controller approach are explored in an effort to increase the energy utilisation ratio of a PV-powered EV system adopting BLDC motor. For boosting the output voltage of battery, the improved high gain single-ended primary inductance converter (IHG-SEPIC) is introduced. Besides, the small amount of current ripple fosters minimum switching stress and a loss, thus improving the effectiveness of the IHG-SEPIC converter tremendously. This research employs a gated recurrent unit–recurrent neural network (GRU-RNN) for an effectual monitoring of battery state of charge (SOC); additionally, the GRU-RNN has ability to preserve the nonlinear properties of a battery. Whenever battery measurements like voltage and current have been established, the GRU-RNN uses these data to predict a non-measurable parameter like battery SOC level. Hysteresis current controllers are an advantageous device for producing PWM control signals for the three-phase inverter. It is quite simple to construct and is designed for direct manipulation of the phase currents of BLDC motors. Proportional–integral (PI) controller is deployed to facilitate the regulation of the BLDC motor’s speed and torque, resulting in improved performance. A MATLAB/Simulink model has been implemented to validate the efficacy of the proposed IHG-SEPIC converter and regenerative control technique. Additionally, an experimental prototype has been constructed and the outcomes of the experiments agree with the findings of the simulation.