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Summary <p>Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) alone is not ideal for fracture risk assessment given its two-dimensional nature. We evaluated the 3D-Shaper software for its potential to detect an unappreciated hip trabecular bone loss in astronauts. DXA-based 3D-Shaper software showed promising results as a screening tool while minimizing radiation exposure.</p> Introduction <p>Prolonged spaceflight results in bone loss, as assessed by DXA performed before and after long-duration missions. Hip trabecular loss, detected by QCT but not DXA, persists in some astronauts for up to 2&#xa0;years after 6-month missions. Since QCT increases radiation exposure, we evaluated a DXA software (3D-Shaper) as a screening method to identify astronauts in whom inadequate recovery of hip trabecular bone would be likely confirmed with QCT.</p> Methods <p>Hip data from 23 ISS astronauts (19&#xa0;M/4F) with pre- and postflight QCT and DXA were analyzed. These scans were obtained pre-flight (within 4&#xa0;months of launch), immediately post-flight (within 22&#xa0;days of return), and 1-year post-flight (within 11–14&#xa0;months). Left total hip data by DXA, QCT, and 3D-Shaper were expressed as percent change from pre-flight and evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. A regression analysis of 1-year post-flight data compared the abilities of DXA (total hip areal BMD [aBMD]) and 3D-Shaper (trabecular volumetric BMD [Trab vBMD]) to predict persisting trabecular bone deficits as determined by QCT.</p> Results <p>Immediate postflight mean (SD) total hip aBMD was reduced by 3.9 (2.4)% with greater loss (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) demonstrated by QCT and Shaper: 9.0 (7.2)% and 6.8 (4.5%), respectively. At 1-year post-flight, compared with QCT Trab vBMD change, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> for the regression analysis of 3D-Shaper Trab vBMD change was 0.40 vs. 0.14 for DXA total hip aBMD.</p> Conclusion <p>3D-Shaper software predicts QCT-detected trabecular bone loss better than DXA and has the potential to serve as a screening tool for QCT-detection of trabecular bone loss.</p>

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Use of DXA-based software to identify astronauts at risk for persisting spaceflight-induced bone loss

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Heenam Goel,
  • Elisabeth Spector,
  • Greg Yardley,
  • Samuel Mosiman,
  • Diane Krueger,
  • Neil Binkley,
  • Jean Sibonga

摘要

Summary

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) alone is not ideal for fracture risk assessment given its two-dimensional nature. We evaluated the 3D-Shaper software for its potential to detect an unappreciated hip trabecular bone loss in astronauts. DXA-based 3D-Shaper software showed promising results as a screening tool while minimizing radiation exposure.

Introduction

Prolonged spaceflight results in bone loss, as assessed by DXA performed before and after long-duration missions. Hip trabecular loss, detected by QCT but not DXA, persists in some astronauts for up to 2 years after 6-month missions. Since QCT increases radiation exposure, we evaluated a DXA software (3D-Shaper) as a screening method to identify astronauts in whom inadequate recovery of hip trabecular bone would be likely confirmed with QCT.

Methods

Hip data from 23 ISS astronauts (19 M/4F) with pre- and postflight QCT and DXA were analyzed. These scans were obtained pre-flight (within 4 months of launch), immediately post-flight (within 22 days of return), and 1-year post-flight (within 11–14 months). Left total hip data by DXA, QCT, and 3D-Shaper were expressed as percent change from pre-flight and evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. A regression analysis of 1-year post-flight data compared the abilities of DXA (total hip areal BMD [aBMD]) and 3D-Shaper (trabecular volumetric BMD [Trab vBMD]) to predict persisting trabecular bone deficits as determined by QCT.

Results

Immediate postflight mean (SD) total hip aBMD was reduced by 3.9 (2.4)% with greater loss (p < 0.001) demonstrated by QCT and Shaper: 9.0 (7.2)% and 6.8 (4.5%), respectively. At 1-year post-flight, compared with QCT Trab vBMD change, R2 for the regression analysis of 3D-Shaper Trab vBMD change was 0.40 vs. 0.14 for DXA total hip aBMD.

Conclusion

3D-Shaper software predicts QCT-detected trabecular bone loss better than DXA and has the potential to serve as a screening tool for QCT-detection of trabecular bone loss.