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<p>Japanese forensic medicine began during the period of modern state formation, built upon German forensic medicine as its foundation. Under the principles of State Medicine (<i>Staatsarzneikunde</i>) introduced by Prof. Dr.&#xa0;med. Kuniyoshi Katayama (1855–1931), forensic education expanded from Tokyo to Kyoto, Fukuoka, etc.; however, many aspects of its actual adoption remain unclear. We investigated how Katayama’s legacy was propagated and developed by the next generation.</p><p>This paper focuses on Prof. Dr.&#xa0;med. Mata-ichiro Kominami (1883–1954) of Kyoto Imperial University, one of Katayama’s successors. An examination of Kominami’s representative work, <i>Textbook of Practical Forensic Medicine,</i> 3rd edn. (1923) revealed the following characteristics. First, the focus of forensic medicine has shifted from legislative application to judicial application. Second, the liability of doctors was more clearly defined in the context of the legal system. Third, the specialized nature of forensic pathologists was clearly distinguished from that of clinical pathologists, in accordance with the principles of Eduard Ritter von Hofmann. Kominami introduced the latest Prussian autopsy regulation issued on 31 May 1922, through which he sought to standardize forensic autopsies in Japan. Guided by the advice of Georg Strassmann in particular, Kominami continued revising his book, aiming for systematic constitution based on the essence of national law. Throughout his life, he endeavoured to approach the ideals of German academic research for the practical application of <i>Staatsarzneikunde</i>.</p>

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The spread of German forensic medicine in modern Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Yukiko Sugano,
  • Suzuka Shimmura,
  • Ken Sato,
  • Yoichiro Takahashi

摘要

Japanese forensic medicine began during the period of modern state formation, built upon German forensic medicine as its foundation. Under the principles of State Medicine (Staatsarzneikunde) introduced by Prof. Dr. med. Kuniyoshi Katayama (1855–1931), forensic education expanded from Tokyo to Kyoto, Fukuoka, etc.; however, many aspects of its actual adoption remain unclear. We investigated how Katayama’s legacy was propagated and developed by the next generation.

This paper focuses on Prof. Dr. med. Mata-ichiro Kominami (1883–1954) of Kyoto Imperial University, one of Katayama’s successors. An examination of Kominami’s representative work, Textbook of Practical Forensic Medicine, 3rd edn. (1923) revealed the following characteristics. First, the focus of forensic medicine has shifted from legislative application to judicial application. Second, the liability of doctors was more clearly defined in the context of the legal system. Third, the specialized nature of forensic pathologists was clearly distinguished from that of clinical pathologists, in accordance with the principles of Eduard Ritter von Hofmann. Kominami introduced the latest Prussian autopsy regulation issued on 31 May 1922, through which he sought to standardize forensic autopsies in Japan. Guided by the advice of Georg Strassmann in particular, Kominami continued revising his book, aiming for systematic constitution based on the essence of national law. Throughout his life, he endeavoured to approach the ideals of German academic research for the practical application of Staatsarzneikunde.