Background <p>Existing publications on receptive anal intercourse (rAI) mostly describe health risks or examine the physical consequences of assaults. The ability to differentiate between consensual and non-consensual rAI based on patterns of anogenital injuries has so far been addressed only sporadically.</p> Objective <p>The aim of the present study was to collect data on the occurrence and persistence of symptoms and injuries following consensual and non-consensual rAI.</p> Material and methods <p>As part of an anonymous online questionnaire study conducted from November 2020 to April 2021, data were collected on 13&#xa0;potential symptoms and injuries following consensual and/or non-consensual rAI. The timing of onset and duration of the reported consequences were surveyed. Data analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS, and Social Science Statistics.</p> Results <p>A&#xa0;total of 118 datasets were evaluated: 69.5% concerned consensual, and 30.5% non-consensual receptive anal intercourse. Pain, burning and bleeding occurred significantly more frequently after non-consensual than after consensual anal intercourse (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). For 9&#xa0;out of 13&#xa0;possible consequences significantly more participants reported longer lasting symptoms or injuries following non-consensual than consensual rAI (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Discussion <p>The results suggest that symptoms such as persistent pain and burning may indicate non-consensual rAI. These findings could be relevant for clinical forensic assessment, although the subjective nature of the data represents a&#xa0;limitation of the study.</p>