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<p>The supersonic impact of cylindrical reactive metal (magnesium, aluminum, titanium, or zirconium) projectiles with an inert aluminum oxide target is investigated experimentally with impact velocities ranging from 1.1 to 1.3&#xa0;km/s. The focus of the present investigation is on elucidating the key processes that occur during the first 100&#xa0;µs after impact and particularly on the blast wave that emerges shortly after impact. The peak overpressure of the blast wave is influenced by the jet of metal fragments that emerges from the interface between the projectile and the target through the fragment-flow hydrodynamic interactions, as well as by the prompt chemical energy release during oxidation of the fine metal fragments. The motion of the blast waves is tracked using high-speed imaging, and the shock wave overpressure is determined using the Rankine–Hugoniot equations. An energy-scaling method is used to infer an estimate of the kinetic and chemical energies that are released on a sufficiently rapid timescale to support the motion of the impact blast wave. It is found that only a small fraction (less than 0.5%) of the projectile chemical energy is released sufficiently promptly to enhance the peak blast wave overpressure. The energy release mechanism and blast wave enhancement are influenced by the type of reactive metal used. Furthermore, increasing the oxygen concentration increases the peak blast wave overpressure, suggesting that the use of a composite reactive material projectile comprised of both reactive metal and an oxidizer may be effective at enhancing the amount of energy release during the early-impact stage.</p>

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Fragmentation and reaction dynamics during ballistic impact of a reactive metal projectile

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • D. Idrici,
  • S. Goroshin,
  • J. Loiseau,
  • D. L. Frost

摘要

The supersonic impact of cylindrical reactive metal (magnesium, aluminum, titanium, or zirconium) projectiles with an inert aluminum oxide target is investigated experimentally with impact velocities ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 km/s. The focus of the present investigation is on elucidating the key processes that occur during the first 100 µs after impact and particularly on the blast wave that emerges shortly after impact. The peak overpressure of the blast wave is influenced by the jet of metal fragments that emerges from the interface between the projectile and the target through the fragment-flow hydrodynamic interactions, as well as by the prompt chemical energy release during oxidation of the fine metal fragments. The motion of the blast waves is tracked using high-speed imaging, and the shock wave overpressure is determined using the Rankine–Hugoniot equations. An energy-scaling method is used to infer an estimate of the kinetic and chemical energies that are released on a sufficiently rapid timescale to support the motion of the impact blast wave. It is found that only a small fraction (less than 0.5%) of the projectile chemical energy is released sufficiently promptly to enhance the peak blast wave overpressure. The energy release mechanism and blast wave enhancement are influenced by the type of reactive metal used. Furthermore, increasing the oxygen concentration increases the peak blast wave overpressure, suggesting that the use of a composite reactive material projectile comprised of both reactive metal and an oxidizer may be effective at enhancing the amount of energy release during the early-impact stage.