A Non-Invasive Monitoring of Bulking Agent with 3D Ultrasonography: a Scoping Review
摘要
This scoping review is aimed at identifying three-dimensional ultrasound parameters associated with successful outcomes after bulking agent injection for stress urinary incontinence.
MethodsA comprehensive search in Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: 3D; Ultrasonography; Bulking agent. Inclusion criteria included cohort studies, observational studies, and reviews published in English from 2001 to August 2025.
ResultsOut of 157 articles in the initial database, 5 studies with 202 patients were eligible for inclusion in our literature review. Circumferential distribution (or horseshoe-shaped distribution) with proximal (or proximal and at the middle level) urethral location of bulking agent seems to be associated with better clinical outcomes.
ConclusionsAlthough further studies are needed, 3D ultrasound could be a useful tool in the management strategy for stress urinary incontinence using bulking agents.