Introduction and Hypothesis <p>We aimed to evaluate the effects of surgical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair on the physical performance, muscle strength, and skeletal muscle mass of patients.</p> Methods <p>We prospectively evaluated the walking speed over 6 m (threshold &lt; 1.0 m/s), grip strength (threshold &lt; 18 kg), and skeletal muscle mass index (using bioelectrical impedance analysis; threshold &lt; 5.7 kg/m²) before and 1 and 3 months after surgery in patients with symptomatic POP.</p> Results <p>Between April 2021 and March 2023, a total of 102 patients were evaluated. Their median age was 74 (range: 53–89) years, 88 (86.3%) were ≥ 65 years old, 64 (62.7%) were diagnosed with POP-Q stage III, and 38 (37.3%) were diagnosed with POP-Q stage IV. Their mean hand grip strength was significantly better (20.3 ± 3.9 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.002) 3 months postoperatively than at baseline (19.3 ± 4.3 kg). Their median walking speed over 6 m was significantly better 1 (6.09, range: 4.42–10.84 s; <i>p</i> = 0.012) and 3 (5.98, range: 5.23–8.69 s; <i>p</i> = 0.005) months postoperatively than at baseline (6.51, range: 4.37–18.62 s). Their mean appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was significantly lower 1 month postoperatively (6.54 ± 0.53 kg/m²; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) than at baseline (6.66 ± 0.53 kg/m²), but had recovered to the baseline value (6.64 ± 0.57 kg/m²; <i>p</i> = 0.351) after 3 months.</p> Conclusions <p>The resolution of POP symptoms may contribute to the improvement in the daily activities of patients and lead to better physical performance and muscle strength.</p>