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<p>We develop an empirical model for solar radiation and related forces on GPS Block III satellites using in-orbit data, extending and refining the approach we previously applied to GPS Blocks IIA, IIR, and IIF. The model, labeled G3-SPM-2025, expresses the forces in the spacecraft body-fixed coordinate system as functions of the Earth-Spacecraft-Sun angle and the orbit beta angle, and does not require any information on the dimension, shape, and material properties of the spacecraft. The model is tailored for individual satellites, addressing SVNs 74–79, for which we have several years of precise orbit solutions. We assess the performance of the model relative to the present model employed in the GipsyX/RTGx software at JPL, which is a proprietary pre-launch, engineering-specification-based model. The new G3-SPM-2025 model performs better in terms of dynamic fit to multi-day sequences of precise orbit solutions, in overlap of daily orbit determination solutions, and in terms of orbit predictions.</p>

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In-orbit estimation of forces acting on GPS III spacecraft

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Da Kuang,
  • Yoaz E. Bar-Sever,
  • Ant J. Sibthorpe

摘要

We develop an empirical model for solar radiation and related forces on GPS Block III satellites using in-orbit data, extending and refining the approach we previously applied to GPS Blocks IIA, IIR, and IIF. The model, labeled G3-SPM-2025, expresses the forces in the spacecraft body-fixed coordinate system as functions of the Earth-Spacecraft-Sun angle and the orbit beta angle, and does not require any information on the dimension, shape, and material properties of the spacecraft. The model is tailored for individual satellites, addressing SVNs 74–79, for which we have several years of precise orbit solutions. We assess the performance of the model relative to the present model employed in the GipsyX/RTGx software at JPL, which is a proprietary pre-launch, engineering-specification-based model. The new G3-SPM-2025 model performs better in terms of dynamic fit to multi-day sequences of precise orbit solutions, in overlap of daily orbit determination solutions, and in terms of orbit predictions.