错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Computing remoteness functions of Moore, Wythoff, and Euclid’s games

  • Endre Boros,
  • Vladimir Gurvich,
  • Kazuhisa Makino,
  • Michael Vyalyi

摘要

We study remoteness function \({\mathcal {R}}\) R of impartial games introduced by Smith in 1966. The player who moves from a position x can win if and only if \({\mathcal {R}}(x)\) R ( x ) is odd. The odd values of \({\mathcal {R}}(x)\) R ( x ) show how soon the winner can win, while even values show how long the loser can resist, provided both players play optimally. This function can be applied to the conjunctive compounds of impartial games, in the same way as the Sprague-Grundy function is applicable to their disjunctive compounds. We provide polynomial algorithms computing \({\mathcal {R}}(x)\) R ( x ) for games Euclid and generalized Wythoff. For Moore’s NIM we give a simple explicit formula for \({\mathcal {R}}(x)\) R ( x ) if it is even and show that computing it becomes an NP-hard problem for the odd values.