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<p>This study develops a Vector of Probability Density Functions (VPDF) framework and an automatic fuzzy clustering algorithm for image data. Unlike conventional PDF-based clustering methods that represent each object by a single PDF, the proposed approach treats each image as a vector-valued PDF object and reformulates the clustering process in the VPDF space, including similarity measurement, cluster representation, membership estimation, and convergence analysis. Image features are extracted and represented as VPDFs, which are then used to automatically determine the optimal number of clusters, identify cluster elements, and estimate the membership probability of each image. The proposed algorithm is rigorously formulated, and its convergence is analyzed at each phase. Experimental results on image datasets show that the proposed method outperforms several widely used clustering approaches, demonstrating its potential for image recognition and related real-world applications.</p>

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Developing novel automatic fuzzy clustering algorithm for image data based on representative probability density function vector

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Tai Vo-Van

摘要

This study develops a Vector of Probability Density Functions (VPDF) framework and an automatic fuzzy clustering algorithm for image data. Unlike conventional PDF-based clustering methods that represent each object by a single PDF, the proposed approach treats each image as a vector-valued PDF object and reformulates the clustering process in the VPDF space, including similarity measurement, cluster representation, membership estimation, and convergence analysis. Image features are extracted and represented as VPDFs, which are then used to automatically determine the optimal number of clusters, identify cluster elements, and estimate the membership probability of each image. The proposed algorithm is rigorously formulated, and its convergence is analyzed at each phase. Experimental results on image datasets show that the proposed method outperforms several widely used clustering approaches, demonstrating its potential for image recognition and related real-world applications.