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<p>This study investigates the combined influence of carbon lamina interleaving, co-curing, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-modified adhesives on the mechanical performance of flax fibre-reinforced composite joints. These composite joints were fabricated via hand lay-up and co-cured to enhance interfacial bonding. Shear and flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of hybridisation and nano-modification. Interleaving carbon laminae significantly improved joint performance, increasing shear and flexural strength compared with co-cured neat flax fibre composite joints. Additional improvements were achieved using MWCNTs-modified adhesives, where 0.25 wt.% loading increased shear strength by 102%, while 0.5 wt.% loading enhanced flexural strength by 135% relative to co-cured neat flax fibre composite joints. These gains are attributed to improved stress transfer, crack-bridging mechanisms, and strengthened interfacial adhesion. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed the significance of these effects (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict mechanical properties, achieving prediction errors below 4%, indicating high accuracy and reliability. The results demonstrate the synergistic benefits of hybrid reinforcement and nano-engineered adhesives in enhancing the structural performance of sustainable composite joints, while also establishing a robust predictive framework for design optimisation.</p>

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Performance of co-cured carbon-interleaved flax fibre reinforced MWCNTs modified adhesive joints: ANN prediction and statistical analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Natesan Karthikeyan,
  • Mohit Kumar,
  • Gaurav Arora,
  • Vinod Ayyappan,
  • Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,
  • Suchart Siengchin

摘要

This study investigates the combined influence of carbon lamina interleaving, co-curing, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-modified adhesives on the mechanical performance of flax fibre-reinforced composite joints. These composite joints were fabricated via hand lay-up and co-cured to enhance interfacial bonding. Shear and flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of hybridisation and nano-modification. Interleaving carbon laminae significantly improved joint performance, increasing shear and flexural strength compared with co-cured neat flax fibre composite joints. Additional improvements were achieved using MWCNTs-modified adhesives, where 0.25 wt.% loading increased shear strength by 102%, while 0.5 wt.% loading enhanced flexural strength by 135% relative to co-cured neat flax fibre composite joints. These gains are attributed to improved stress transfer, crack-bridging mechanisms, and strengthened interfacial adhesion. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed the significance of these effects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict mechanical properties, achieving prediction errors below 4%, indicating high accuracy and reliability. The results demonstrate the synergistic benefits of hybrid reinforcement and nano-engineered adhesives in enhancing the structural performance of sustainable composite joints, while also establishing a robust predictive framework for design optimisation.