<p>To investigate the influence law of grinding parameters on workpiece surface quality during laser-assisted belt grinding of nickel-based superalloys and clarify the action characteristics of each parameter on grinding force and surface roughness, this study firstly adopts finite element simulation to conduct numerical simulation on the single-abrasive-grain grinding process of nickel-based superalloys under laser-assisted conditions. On this basis, the influence of grinding parameters on surface roughness is analyzed through orthogonal tests, and a mathematical model for predicting surface roughness of laser-assisted belt grinding of nickel-based alloys is established via regression analysis. The simulation and experimental results show that the grinding force increases with the rise of grinding depth and decreases with the increase of laser power; the linear velocity of the abrasive belt has no significant effect on the grinding force. Increasing the laser power can greatly strengthen the material softening effect, improve the material plasticity, significantly enhance the flow characteristics during material removal, and finally form obvious surface plowing textures. The established surface roughness prediction model has high accuracy and applicability, which can effectively explain the influence law of grinding parameters on surface roughness and provide theoretical guidance for subsequent related research.</p>