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<p>As manufacturing transitions to small-batch production, skilled welders, already in short supply, are increasingly needed. Extended reality-based human-robotic collaborative (XR HRC) welding allows inexperienced welders to produce high-quality weld seams. This review analyzes 16 papers on XR HRC welding systems, categorizing their methods into a framework for understanding information flow in human robotic interactions. Trajectory extrapolation and the use of variable scale factors for coordinate directions were identified as promising areas of future research. It was also found that there is high variance in presentation systems for XR HRC welding for which research and industry has yet to converge on an optimal solution. It is concluded that the integration of XR HRC into welding is a promising field of research, poised to drive efficiency improvements through human-in-the-loop manufacturing, and facilitate welding for personal fabrication.</p>

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Extended reality-based human-robotic collaborative welding systems: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Horatio Montero Hamkins,
  • Christelle Grandvallet,
  • Frédéric Vignat

摘要

As manufacturing transitions to small-batch production, skilled welders, already in short supply, are increasingly needed. Extended reality-based human-robotic collaborative (XR HRC) welding allows inexperienced welders to produce high-quality weld seams. This review analyzes 16 papers on XR HRC welding systems, categorizing their methods into a framework for understanding information flow in human robotic interactions. Trajectory extrapolation and the use of variable scale factors for coordinate directions were identified as promising areas of future research. It was also found that there is high variance in presentation systems for XR HRC welding for which research and industry has yet to converge on an optimal solution. It is concluded that the integration of XR HRC into welding is a promising field of research, poised to drive efficiency improvements through human-in-the-loop manufacturing, and facilitate welding for personal fabrication.