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<p>The demand for robust, rapidly deployable biosensing technologies is increasing as monitoring activities are commonly conducted in hostile, remote and operationally challenging environments where conventional laboratory infrastructure is unavailable. Applications such as Defence Test and Evaluation (T&amp;E), disaster response and field diagnostics require low-cost sensing platforms that can be rapidly manufactured, evaluated and deployed. This study presents the development and characterisation of additively manufactured biosensing platforms using fused filament fabrication (FFF) for rapid T&amp;E applications. Three sensor geometries were fabricated using conductive polylactic acid (CPLA), graphene-enhanced PLA (GPLA) and standard PLA (PPLA). The platforms were evaluated in terms of dimensional accuracy, surface morphology, fluid transport behaviour using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and baseline electrical performance. GPLA demonstrated superior dimensional fidelity, improved manufacturing consistency and enhanced electrical conductivity compared with CPLA and PPLA, indicating its suitability for the fabrication of sensing platforms. The results demonstrate the potential of graphene-enhanced polymer composites to enable rapid, low-cost manufacture. These would be suitable for future biofunctionalisation and deployment in Defence Test and Evaluation, field diagnostics and other resource-limited operational environments.</p>

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Rapidly deployable 3D-printed biosensing platforms for test and evaluation applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Bethany Richardson,
  • Urvashi Gunputh

摘要

The demand for robust, rapidly deployable biosensing technologies is increasing as monitoring activities are commonly conducted in hostile, remote and operationally challenging environments where conventional laboratory infrastructure is unavailable. Applications such as Defence Test and Evaluation (T&E), disaster response and field diagnostics require low-cost sensing platforms that can be rapidly manufactured, evaluated and deployed. This study presents the development and characterisation of additively manufactured biosensing platforms using fused filament fabrication (FFF) for rapid T&E applications. Three sensor geometries were fabricated using conductive polylactic acid (CPLA), graphene-enhanced PLA (GPLA) and standard PLA (PPLA). The platforms were evaluated in terms of dimensional accuracy, surface morphology, fluid transport behaviour using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and baseline electrical performance. GPLA demonstrated superior dimensional fidelity, improved manufacturing consistency and enhanced electrical conductivity compared with CPLA and PPLA, indicating its suitability for the fabrication of sensing platforms. The results demonstrate the potential of graphene-enhanced polymer composites to enable rapid, low-cost manufacture. These would be suitable for future biofunctionalisation and deployment in Defence Test and Evaluation, field diagnostics and other resource-limited operational environments.