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<p>Regulatory requirements, labour safety issues, fluctuating energy costs, and cyber security risks are adding to the challenges for small and medium food manufacturing businesses (SMFMEs). In this paper, an improved Integrated Competitiveness Model (ICM) is proposed, which is derived from the Industry 4.0 methodologies and adapted to the needs of Industry 5.0, structured into 6 domains. The enhancement combines a Formal Operational Technology (OT) Cybersecurity domain as per ANSI/ISA-62443-2-1-2024, Digital Twin technology as per ISO/IEC 30186:2025 and Agentic Artificial Intelligence pathways within strict functional safety guardrails as per IEC 61,508. OEE improvements of 20–30% and energy reductions of 20–25% have been achieved in 20–30% of industrial projects in 13 countries, demonstrating the industrial field value. At 10% of U.S. target facilities, the cost savings are projected to be $8.4&#xa0;billion per year, and 18,000 workplace injuries prevented every year.</p>

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Integrated competitiveness model for food manufacturing: an enhanced six-domain framework bridging industry 4.0 and industry 5.0

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Richard Kudjo Akrong

摘要

Regulatory requirements, labour safety issues, fluctuating energy costs, and cyber security risks are adding to the challenges for small and medium food manufacturing businesses (SMFMEs). In this paper, an improved Integrated Competitiveness Model (ICM) is proposed, which is derived from the Industry 4.0 methodologies and adapted to the needs of Industry 5.0, structured into 6 domains. The enhancement combines a Formal Operational Technology (OT) Cybersecurity domain as per ANSI/ISA-62443-2-1-2024, Digital Twin technology as per ISO/IEC 30186:2025 and Agentic Artificial Intelligence pathways within strict functional safety guardrails as per IEC 61,508. OEE improvements of 20–30% and energy reductions of 20–25% have been achieved in 20–30% of industrial projects in 13 countries, demonstrating the industrial field value. At 10% of U.S. target facilities, the cost savings are projected to be $8.4 billion per year, and 18,000 workplace injuries prevented every year.