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<p>This study focuses on optimizing Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) process parameters to enhance microhardness in single layer tracks using Ti-6Al-4V materials for powder and substrate. However, achieving consistent and high microhardness remains challenging. Using the Taguchi method and ANOVA, the optimal oscillation parameters were identified as 70% overlap (OL) and 800 mm/min travel rate (RV). These parameters significantly improved microhardness, particularly in the top and middle deposition regions. High microhardness in these layers enhances wear resistance and structural durability, which are critical for the long-term performance of DLMD’s fabricated components. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis confirmed RV as the dominant factor, influencing thermal gradients and solidification behavior. Microscopic analysis reveals distinct microstructures, including equiaxed grains at the top, cellular structures in the middle, and columnar grains near the substrate, attributed to varying cooling rates and thermal gradients. Regression models further clarify the relationship between process parameters and microhardness. The findings represent an initial parameter screening under fixed conditions, providing preliminary guidance for optimizing DLMD processes toward improved material properties, stability and manufacturing precision.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of oscillation process parameters in direct laser metal deposition 3d printing deposition for single layer track using Ti-6al-4v: microhardness analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Jailani Jamaludin,
  • Mohd Azlan Suhaimi,
  • Safian Sharif,
  • Yusuf Kaynak,
  • Abdul Hamid Ahmad

摘要

This study focuses on optimizing Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) process parameters to enhance microhardness in single layer tracks using Ti-6Al-4V materials for powder and substrate. However, achieving consistent and high microhardness remains challenging. Using the Taguchi method and ANOVA, the optimal oscillation parameters were identified as 70% overlap (OL) and 800 mm/min travel rate (RV). These parameters significantly improved microhardness, particularly in the top and middle deposition regions. High microhardness in these layers enhances wear resistance and structural durability, which are critical for the long-term performance of DLMD’s fabricated components. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis confirmed RV as the dominant factor, influencing thermal gradients and solidification behavior. Microscopic analysis reveals distinct microstructures, including equiaxed grains at the top, cellular structures in the middle, and columnar grains near the substrate, attributed to varying cooling rates and thermal gradients. Regression models further clarify the relationship between process parameters and microhardness. The findings represent an initial parameter screening under fixed conditions, providing preliminary guidance for optimizing DLMD processes toward improved material properties, stability and manufacturing precision.

Graphical Abstract