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<p>Bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipes are widely used in fluid transportation applications such as mud and ore due to their combination of high toughness and wear resistance. In the paper, a clad casting and forging process is proposed to fabricate Q235/GCr15 wear-resistant clad pipe billet. The ProCAST software is used to simulate the solidification behavior of clad casting to optimize the technique. A clad round ingot was prepared by pouring molten carbon steel around GCr15 steel core rod. The ingot was subsequently forged into a clad pipe billet under a total cross-sectional reduction ratio of 55.6% in the experiment. Examination of interfacial morphologies, solidification microstructures and shear strength revealed that a metallurgical bond formed at the ingot interface via liquid–solid fusion and elemental diffusion. The interfacial shear strength attains 221.7&#xa0;MPa in the as-cast condition and increases to 421.5&#xa0;MPa after forging. A decarburization zone appears on the GCr15 steel side and a carburization zone forms on the Q235 steel side. The clad billet is suitable for piercing to produce bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipe in subsequent steps.</p>

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A fabrication process for bimetallic wear-resistant clad billets via casting and forging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Xin Xu,
  • Yu-an Jing,
  • Xu Ma,
  • Weida Yu,
  • liangfei Liu,
  • Ximin Zang

摘要

Bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipes are widely used in fluid transportation applications such as mud and ore due to their combination of high toughness and wear resistance. In the paper, a clad casting and forging process is proposed to fabricate Q235/GCr15 wear-resistant clad pipe billet. The ProCAST software is used to simulate the solidification behavior of clad casting to optimize the technique. A clad round ingot was prepared by pouring molten carbon steel around GCr15 steel core rod. The ingot was subsequently forged into a clad pipe billet under a total cross-sectional reduction ratio of 55.6% in the experiment. Examination of interfacial morphologies, solidification microstructures and shear strength revealed that a metallurgical bond formed at the ingot interface via liquid–solid fusion and elemental diffusion. The interfacial shear strength attains 221.7 MPa in the as-cast condition and increases to 421.5 MPa after forging. A decarburization zone appears on the GCr15 steel side and a carburization zone forms on the Q235 steel side. The clad billet is suitable for piercing to produce bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipe in subsequent steps.