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<p>Advances in women’s health are essential for global development, as they directly improve health outcomes, economic productivity, and gender equality. Vaginal infections and related gynecological diseases remain a major global health concern, disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age. These infections are primarily of microbial origin, caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, and are associated with significant morbidity and long-term reproductive health consequences. Among the most common are vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), which is directly linked with cervical cancer. Therefore, the present work investigated the influence of manufacturing processes and polymer type on the physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties of multidrug intrauterine devices (IUDs) incorporating fluorouracil (FU), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD). Devices were produced by injection molding (IM) using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and by 3D printing using ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful drug incorporation, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) indicated reduced Drug release assays demonstrated biphasic kinetics, with an initial burst followed by sustained release. These controlled-release characteristics, combined with mechanical robustness, suggest the devices herein presented provide a reliable platform for high production of long-term, multi-drug intrauterine delivery as adaptable systems for localized, sustained treatment in gynecological applications for improving women`s health.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigation on 3D printing and injection molding of intrauterine devices with antimicrobial and anticancer activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Tauana Batistella,
  • Maria Johann Fensterseifer,
  • Loise Silveira da Silva,
  • Gustavo Ferrari,
  • Gean Vitor Salmoria

摘要

Advances in women’s health are essential for global development, as they directly improve health outcomes, economic productivity, and gender equality. Vaginal infections and related gynecological diseases remain a major global health concern, disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age. These infections are primarily of microbial origin, caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, and are associated with significant morbidity and long-term reproductive health consequences. Among the most common are vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), which is directly linked with cervical cancer. Therefore, the present work investigated the influence of manufacturing processes and polymer type on the physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties of multidrug intrauterine devices (IUDs) incorporating fluorouracil (FU), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD). Devices were produced by injection molding (IM) using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and by 3D printing using ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful drug incorporation, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) indicated reduced Drug release assays demonstrated biphasic kinetics, with an initial burst followed by sustained release. These controlled-release characteristics, combined with mechanical robustness, suggest the devices herein presented provide a reliable platform for high production of long-term, multi-drug intrauterine delivery as adaptable systems for localized, sustained treatment in gynecological applications for improving women`s health.

Graphical abstract