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<p>The present study proposed a hierarchical multiscale framework with the aim of predicting the effective properties of 3D printed wood PLA composites produced by the fused filament fabrication technique. A comparative analysis of commonly used mean-field homogenization models was conducted at the microscopic level. The analysis revealed a divergence in the predicted results. To address this issue, an iterative process was introduced. This process was developed to ensure the accuracy of the predicted results while maintaining convergence. At the mesoscopic level, the impact of voids generated between printed filaments was taken into account through voids models. Finally, at the macroscopic level, the methodology was enriched by integrating classical laminate theory to evaluate the overall mechanical response of 3D printed composites. The predictions obtained were then validated against experimental results, thereby confirming both the relevance and robustness of the proposed modeling approach.</p>

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Prediction of elastic properties of 3D printed PLA/wood composites through multi-scale analytical modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Ismail Ezzaraa,
  • Nadir Ayrilmis,
  • Mohamed Abouelmajd,
  • Manja Kitek Kuzman,
  • Ahmed Bahlaoui,
  • Ismail Arroub,
  • Jamaa Bengourram,
  • Manuel Lagache,
  • Soufiane Belhouideg

摘要

The present study proposed a hierarchical multiscale framework with the aim of predicting the effective properties of 3D printed wood PLA composites produced by the fused filament fabrication technique. A comparative analysis of commonly used mean-field homogenization models was conducted at the microscopic level. The analysis revealed a divergence in the predicted results. To address this issue, an iterative process was introduced. This process was developed to ensure the accuracy of the predicted results while maintaining convergence. At the mesoscopic level, the impact of voids generated between printed filaments was taken into account through voids models. Finally, at the macroscopic level, the methodology was enriched by integrating classical laminate theory to evaluate the overall mechanical response of 3D printed composites. The predictions obtained were then validated against experimental results, thereby confirming both the relevance and robustness of the proposed modeling approach.