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<p>Creating materials with local microstructure control in 3D shapes can allow tailoring and optimization of their performance. While the orientation of glass fibers during 3D printing can be controlled with shear, there is yet no method to orient microfillers in any directions of space. In this paper, we present an automated magnetic 6D printer that incorporates a rotating magnetic field in direct-ink-writing (DIW). The printer is designed specifically for inks containing high concentrations of magnetically responsive anisotropic microplatelet fillers of various nature that are suspended in water, but is also applicable to inks that do not contain any solvent or filler. The concept of the printer relies on a rotating magnet positioned around the printing stage where the X, Y, and Z printing directions are all within the magnetic field. This hardware design combined with a simple control interface allows the printing of inks in 6 dimensions. The printing speed and extrusion rates are similar to that of other extrusion-based 3D printers, although the dimensions of the parts are limited to the printing stage and area covered by the magnetic field. Because the printer is table-top, cheap, can work for a variety of inks, it can be compared to fused deposition machines but for ceramics and reinforced composites. Overall, this research developed a new machine that may provide the opportunity for researchers and engineers to create their own advanced materials parts for a variety of applications.</p>

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Automated magnetic 6D printer for printing materials with locally controlled microstructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Chunze Li,
  • Yanchen Zhang,
  • Zhuoran Ma,
  • Anirudh Agarwal,
  • Beiyi Wang,
  • Hedi Ma,
  • Hortense Le Ferrand

摘要

Creating materials with local microstructure control in 3D shapes can allow tailoring and optimization of their performance. While the orientation of glass fibers during 3D printing can be controlled with shear, there is yet no method to orient microfillers in any directions of space. In this paper, we present an automated magnetic 6D printer that incorporates a rotating magnetic field in direct-ink-writing (DIW). The printer is designed specifically for inks containing high concentrations of magnetically responsive anisotropic microplatelet fillers of various nature that are suspended in water, but is also applicable to inks that do not contain any solvent or filler. The concept of the printer relies on a rotating magnet positioned around the printing stage where the X, Y, and Z printing directions are all within the magnetic field. This hardware design combined with a simple control interface allows the printing of inks in 6 dimensions. The printing speed and extrusion rates are similar to that of other extrusion-based 3D printers, although the dimensions of the parts are limited to the printing stage and area covered by the magnetic field. Because the printer is table-top, cheap, can work for a variety of inks, it can be compared to fused deposition machines but for ceramics and reinforced composites. Overall, this research developed a new machine that may provide the opportunity for researchers and engineers to create their own advanced materials parts for a variety of applications.