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<p>This study investigated low-speed micromilling as a post-processing method for H13 tool steel produced via Directed Energy Deposition (DED), an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, which can be applied to repairing moulds and dies. The objective was to evaluate the surface quality achieved by micromachining DED-produced H13 steel and compare it to the conventionally manufactured material. Two DED samples were analysed: one stress-relief, and the other quenched and tempered. Experimental trials involved milling 10 microslots on each sample, using a cutting speed of 12.5&#xa0;m/min, a feed rate of 10&#xa0;μm/tooth, an axial cutting depth of 40&#xa0;μm and a radial cutting depth of 400&#xa0;μm. During the tests, (Al, Ti)N-coated carbide micromills of 400&#xa0;μm diameter and two cutting edges were used, with cutting fluid applied via Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Surface roughness measurements were acquired using a Taylor Hobson Form Talysurf Intra profilometer. Three measurements were taken for each microslot in different regions, perpendicular to the feed marks. The surface roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rz, Rt, Rsk, and Rku were analysed. The results showed that Ra, Rq, Rz and Rt decreased along the machined length. Rku values close to three and Rsk values near zero indicated a relatively even distribution of peaks and valleys on the machined surface. Overall, surface quality improved along the machined length, with the first slot showing more pronounced feed marks than the last slot. Small burrs, debris, tearing, and smoother residual areas were observed along the feed marks.</p>

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Investigation of surface quality in low speed micromilling of H13 tool steel manufactured conventionally and by DED

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Milla Caroline Gomes,
  • Thaise Alonso,
  • Maria Clara Coimbra Gonçalves,
  • Márcio Bacci da Silva

摘要

This study investigated low-speed micromilling as a post-processing method for H13 tool steel produced via Directed Energy Deposition (DED), an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, which can be applied to repairing moulds and dies. The objective was to evaluate the surface quality achieved by micromachining DED-produced H13 steel and compare it to the conventionally manufactured material. Two DED samples were analysed: one stress-relief, and the other quenched and tempered. Experimental trials involved milling 10 microslots on each sample, using a cutting speed of 12.5 m/min, a feed rate of 10 μm/tooth, an axial cutting depth of 40 μm and a radial cutting depth of 400 μm. During the tests, (Al, Ti)N-coated carbide micromills of 400 μm diameter and two cutting edges were used, with cutting fluid applied via Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Surface roughness measurements were acquired using a Taylor Hobson Form Talysurf Intra profilometer. Three measurements were taken for each microslot in different regions, perpendicular to the feed marks. The surface roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rz, Rt, Rsk, and Rku were analysed. The results showed that Ra, Rq, Rz and Rt decreased along the machined length. Rku values close to three and Rsk values near zero indicated a relatively even distribution of peaks and valleys on the machined surface. Overall, surface quality improved along the machined length, with the first slot showing more pronounced feed marks than the last slot. Small burrs, debris, tearing, and smoother residual areas were observed along the feed marks.