<p>Titanium alloys shaft have wide application on the aerospace, automotive and medical devices. However, they are prone to severe tool wear and poor surface quality during traditional cutting processes due to their low thermal conductivity, high chemical activity, and work-hardening tendency, resulting in difficulties in controlling surface integrity. A novel parallel ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting (PUVC) method is proposed using two tools to simultaneously cut the workpiece and applying tangential ultrasonic vibration contributing to overcome above challenges. First, the main concept, motion trajectory, separation characteristics, duty ratio and the mechanism of material removal rate of PUVC are analyzed. Then, comparative experiments were conducted between PUVC technology and ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting (UVC) technology in the range of cutting speeds from 25.13 to 62.53&#xa0;m/min. Compared to UVC, surfaces processed by PUVC exhibit greater surface roughness and sparser surface texture, while the thickness of the plastically deformed layer is significantly increased, and the surface microhardness and hardening rate are markedly higher. This study reveals the potential of PUVC in modulating the surface strengthening effect of titanium alloys, which provides a new strategy for balancing processing efficiency and surface quality.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>