Proposing a new 2D Bai-Wierzbicki (BW) ductile damage model for sheet metal forming processes
摘要
The primary goal of damage mechanics is to investigate defect growth and its impact on the mechanical strength of materials. A key challenge for researchers is achieving reliable predictions of damage evolution in ductile metals. This study employs the Bai-Wierzbicki (BW) experimental ductile damage model which integrates the stress triaxiality with the Lode angle parameter. The numerical algorithm is initially presented for the 3D BW model and implemented through the VUMAT and VUHARD subroutines. To assess damage behavior and validate the 3D algorithm, three specimens of 2024-T351 aluminum, highly sensitive to the Lode angle and pressure are numerically simulated. Subsequently, the constitutive equations are simplified under the assumptions of plane stress conditions for sheet metals and the related subroutines are renewed for the 2D governing equations. The 2D algorithm results is compared with the 3D version as well as experimental data, reveals that keeping remarkable accuracy, the 2D algorithm shows faster solution approach for predicting the damage behavior in sheet metals. Finally, the deep drawing process is examined by the 2D model to evaluate its accuracy in predicting fracture locations during the forming processes. The results fully confirm that the 2D BW ductile damage model reliably and quickly predicts damage and fracture behavior of ductile metals under different loading conditions.