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<p>To address the challenges of subsurface damage (SSD) and inefficient material removal in hard brittle materials, this study investigates the mechanisms of constrained abrasive jet polishing (CAJP). CAJP minimizes the normal impact force and stabilizes abrasive flow, thereby reducing surface damage and achieving a smooth surface finish. Nano-scratch experiments revealed three distinct stages in K9 glass material removal: plastic removal, plastic-brittle transition, and brittle removal, with the plastic-brittle transition stage identified as the optimal polishing window. A numerical model simulating single silicon carbide particle impact on K9 glass was developed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The effects of impact velocity, impact angle, and abrasive particle diameter on material removal efficiency and subsurface damage were systematically analyzed. Results indicate that increasing impact velocity and abrasive particle size promote brittle removal and exacerbate subsurface crack propagation. When the impact angle ranged between <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(65^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(75^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the vertical contact force was maximized, energy utilization efficiency peaked, and efficient plastic removal without crack formation was achieved. The simulation results were corroborated by the CAJP experiment, which demonstrated a significant reduction in surface roughness and the absence of subsurface damage, thereby confirming the potential of the process for ultra-precision machining. This study provides a theoretical foundation and parameter optimization strategy for the high-efficiency and low-damage polishing of hard and brittle materials.</p>

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Subsurface damage of constrained abrasive jet polishing based on SPH method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Qiaoling Yuan,
  • Xilei Ye,
  • Donghui Wen,
  • Zhenzhen Chen

摘要

To address the challenges of subsurface damage (SSD) and inefficient material removal in hard brittle materials, this study investigates the mechanisms of constrained abrasive jet polishing (CAJP). CAJP minimizes the normal impact force and stabilizes abrasive flow, thereby reducing surface damage and achieving a smooth surface finish. Nano-scratch experiments revealed three distinct stages in K9 glass material removal: plastic removal, plastic-brittle transition, and brittle removal, with the plastic-brittle transition stage identified as the optimal polishing window. A numerical model simulating single silicon carbide particle impact on K9 glass was developed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The effects of impact velocity, impact angle, and abrasive particle diameter on material removal efficiency and subsurface damage were systematically analyzed. Results indicate that increasing impact velocity and abrasive particle size promote brittle removal and exacerbate subsurface crack propagation. When the impact angle ranged between \(65^{\circ }\) and \(75^{\circ }\) , the vertical contact force was maximized, energy utilization efficiency peaked, and efficient plastic removal without crack formation was achieved. The simulation results were corroborated by the CAJP experiment, which demonstrated a significant reduction in surface roughness and the absence of subsurface damage, thereby confirming the potential of the process for ultra-precision machining. This study provides a theoretical foundation and parameter optimization strategy for the high-efficiency and low-damage polishing of hard and brittle materials.