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<p>Additive manufacturing by Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) is strongly governed by thermal phenomena, with polymer melting and crystallization playing a key role in part quality. This study investigated the melting and crystallization kinetics of polymers commonly used in MJF. Polyamide 12 (PA 12), glass bead–reinforced polyamide 12 (PA 12&#xa0;GB), and polypropylene (PP) were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions (10&#xa0;°C/min heating rate) to determine critical parameters such as sintering window (Ws), maximum melting rate (Cmax), and degree of crystallinity (%Xc). PA 12 exhibited the broadest Ws, facilitating process control and the fabrication of more homogeneous parts. The incorporation of glass beads narrowed Ws and reduced crystallinity in PA 12&#xa0;GB, but also promoted faster crystallization through heterogeneous nucleation, which may improve dimensional stability by completing crystallization within the printing cycle. PP showed higher crystallinity and lower melting and crystallization onset temperatures compared with PA 12; however, its narrow Ws and fast crystallization increased susceptibility to warpage. Overall, PA 12 demonstrated the highest thermal stability for MJF applications, PA 12&#xa0;GB provided enhanced dimensional stability, and PP, despite its high crystallinity, requires stricter thermal management to minimize defects.</p>

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Study of crystalline melting and crystallization kinetics of polymers used in the multi jet fusion printing process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Joyce Batista Azevedo,
  • Ilana Oliveira Almeida,
  • Iago Rodrigues de Abreu,
  • Joyce Mara Brandão Maia,
  • Pollyana da Silva Melo Cardoso,
  • Rodrigo Santiago Coelho

摘要

Additive manufacturing by Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) is strongly governed by thermal phenomena, with polymer melting and crystallization playing a key role in part quality. This study investigated the melting and crystallization kinetics of polymers commonly used in MJF. Polyamide 12 (PA 12), glass bead–reinforced polyamide 12 (PA 12 GB), and polypropylene (PP) were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions (10 °C/min heating rate) to determine critical parameters such as sintering window (Ws), maximum melting rate (Cmax), and degree of crystallinity (%Xc). PA 12 exhibited the broadest Ws, facilitating process control and the fabrication of more homogeneous parts. The incorporation of glass beads narrowed Ws and reduced crystallinity in PA 12 GB, but also promoted faster crystallization through heterogeneous nucleation, which may improve dimensional stability by completing crystallization within the printing cycle. PP showed higher crystallinity and lower melting and crystallization onset temperatures compared with PA 12; however, its narrow Ws and fast crystallization increased susceptibility to warpage. Overall, PA 12 demonstrated the highest thermal stability for MJF applications, PA 12 GB provided enhanced dimensional stability, and PP, despite its high crystallinity, requires stricter thermal management to minimize defects.