<p>Hybrid Additive-Subtractive Manufacturing (HASM) is a manufacturing process that stands out in its production capabilities, particularly for customized medical implants. This review sets the stage for achieving sustainability by utilizing HASM to produce titanium (Ti) implants within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. By combining Additive Manufacturing (AM) with precise Subtractive Manufacturing (SM), HASM can achieve better material efficiency, improved surface quality, and reduced environmental impact. This review investigates how LCA frameworks, particularly Cradle-to-Gate and Cradle-to-Grave boundaries, can be used to assess the environmental effects related to energy consumption, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, material waste, and water usage. Important observations focus on the recyclability of Ti-6Al-4&#xa0;V powder, the enhancement of recycling processes by Industry 4.0 technologies, and the use of surface engineering methods to improve the biocompatibility and durability of implants. The review emphasizes the significance of having standardized powder recycling protocols, designing with resource efficiency in mind, and considering end-of-life factors to promote circular economy principles in biomedical manufacturing. Even with challenges like the complexity of process integration and regulatory gaps, HASM shows excellent promise as a sustainable solution for the future of medical implants. This work lays a solid groundwork for researchers, manufacturers, and policymakers to steer future advancements in sustainable implant production.</p>

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Life cycle assessment in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing of titanium medical implants—a step towards sustainability

  • Milon Selvam Dennison,
  • Kirubanidhi Jebabalan S.,
  • Abisha Meji M.

摘要

Hybrid Additive-Subtractive Manufacturing (HASM) is a manufacturing process that stands out in its production capabilities, particularly for customized medical implants. This review sets the stage for achieving sustainability by utilizing HASM to produce titanium (Ti) implants within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. By combining Additive Manufacturing (AM) with precise Subtractive Manufacturing (SM), HASM can achieve better material efficiency, improved surface quality, and reduced environmental impact. This review investigates how LCA frameworks, particularly Cradle-to-Gate and Cradle-to-Grave boundaries, can be used to assess the environmental effects related to energy consumption, CO2 emissions, material waste, and water usage. Important observations focus on the recyclability of Ti-6Al-4 V powder, the enhancement of recycling processes by Industry 4.0 technologies, and the use of surface engineering methods to improve the biocompatibility and durability of implants. The review emphasizes the significance of having standardized powder recycling protocols, designing with resource efficiency in mind, and considering end-of-life factors to promote circular economy principles in biomedical manufacturing. Even with challenges like the complexity of process integration and regulatory gaps, HASM shows excellent promise as a sustainable solution for the future of medical implants. This work lays a solid groundwork for researchers, manufacturers, and policymakers to steer future advancements in sustainable implant production.