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<p>The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient energy replenishment, with battery swapping emerging as a sustainable alternative. This review analyzes five battery swapping devices—lifting, suspension, mobile vehicle, mobile robot, and portable tools—highlighting mobile robots as the most adaptable and scalable solution despite technological immaturity. We innovatively propose a mobile battery swapping robot tailored for commercial electric light trucks, addressing two key technologies: position and orientation measurement (utilizing vision and multi-sensor fusion) and attitude adjustment (hybrid parallel-series mechanisms). Experimental results demonstrate a 4–6&#xa0;min swapping time, outperforming existing systems (5–8&#xa0;min) while enabling multi-station service. The discussion emphasizes robust sensor fusion and dynamic posture control to enhance reliability in variable environments. This work provides a roadmap for advancing robotic battery swapping, particularly for commercial EVs, accelerating sustainable mobility infrastructure.</p>

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Battery swapping device for electric vehicles and the key technologies of mobile battery swapping robot: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Yuxiang Zhang,
  • Guang Yang,
  • Huibin Du

摘要

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient energy replenishment, with battery swapping emerging as a sustainable alternative. This review analyzes five battery swapping devices—lifting, suspension, mobile vehicle, mobile robot, and portable tools—highlighting mobile robots as the most adaptable and scalable solution despite technological immaturity. We innovatively propose a mobile battery swapping robot tailored for commercial electric light trucks, addressing two key technologies: position and orientation measurement (utilizing vision and multi-sensor fusion) and attitude adjustment (hybrid parallel-series mechanisms). Experimental results demonstrate a 4–6 min swapping time, outperforming existing systems (5–8 min) while enabling multi-station service. The discussion emphasizes robust sensor fusion and dynamic posture control to enhance reliability in variable environments. This work provides a roadmap for advancing robotic battery swapping, particularly for commercial EVs, accelerating sustainable mobility infrastructure.