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<p>Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is recognized as an effective method to manufacture microstructures due to its efficiency and superior resolution. Achieving uniform electric field distribution, especially on curved or non-conductive surfaces, remains a significant challenge in EHD printing. In this study, the effects of auxiliary electrodes with various shapes on electric field distribution in EHD printing process were investigated. The electric fields under seven auxiliary electrodes were analyzed by simulations, revealing substantial improvements in field uniformity attributable to the electrodes. Three kinds of auxiliary electrodes were employed in the printing experiments, including cylindrical, tapered, and column-cone electrodes. The impact of four operational parameters on the printing process, including applied voltage, stand-off height, ink conductivity, and nozzle size was systematically assessed. The results showed that a more stable Taylor cone and a finer jet were obtained by using a column-cone auxiliary electrode. Microarray fabrication on planar substrates, such as glass, PET, and copper, achieved printed width uniformities at 75.76%, 82.72%, and 85.29%, respectively. Additionally, printed lines with widths of 46.94&#xa0;μm were attained on curved substrates using column-cone electrodes, revealing the potential of auxiliary electrodes in creating high-resolution patterns on diverse substrate geometries.&#xa0;</p>

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Optimizing electric field uniformity and microstructure fabrication precisionin EHD printing through various shapes of auxiliary electrodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Yang Cheng,
  • Jianfeng Yu

摘要

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is recognized as an effective method to manufacture microstructures due to its efficiency and superior resolution. Achieving uniform electric field distribution, especially on curved or non-conductive surfaces, remains a significant challenge in EHD printing. In this study, the effects of auxiliary electrodes with various shapes on electric field distribution in EHD printing process were investigated. The electric fields under seven auxiliary electrodes were analyzed by simulations, revealing substantial improvements in field uniformity attributable to the electrodes. Three kinds of auxiliary electrodes were employed in the printing experiments, including cylindrical, tapered, and column-cone electrodes. The impact of four operational parameters on the printing process, including applied voltage, stand-off height, ink conductivity, and nozzle size was systematically assessed. The results showed that a more stable Taylor cone and a finer jet were obtained by using a column-cone auxiliary electrode. Microarray fabrication on planar substrates, such as glass, PET, and copper, achieved printed width uniformities at 75.76%, 82.72%, and 85.29%, respectively. Additionally, printed lines with widths of 46.94 μm were attained on curved substrates using column-cone electrodes, revealing the potential of auxiliary electrodes in creating high-resolution patterns on diverse substrate geometries.