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<p>Laser-patterned small-scale QR codes have been widely used for rapid product identification in production history or inventory management. This study proposed a laser-heating oxidation mechanism to produce highly recognizable QR codes on metal surfaces that could save processing time and prevent environmental damage caused by chemical printing. Hence, maskless ultraviolet lasers with a wavelength of 355&#xa0;nm were used to irradiate on the surface of alloys SS316 and Ti-64. The laser-patterned surface generated an oxide layer without ablating materials and produced the color change between oxides and raw materials. Laser power, scan speed, and scan spacing were adjusted to pattern QR codes for product identification. The tested results demonstrated that a higher laser power, slower scan speed, and lower scan spacing produced a dark oxide layer. This was due to a phenomenon of high thermal accumulation. Furthermore, the image recognition by the smartphone was more stable when the QR code was patterned with a scan speed of 60&#xa0;mm/s and a scan spacing of 40&#xa0;μm. The patterned QR codes for Ti-64 have significantly black colors compared to those for SS316. QR codes on surfaces SS316 and Ti-64 were found to have the ability to be recognized since the laser areal fluence was greater than 156.3&#xa0;J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The elemental oxygen content of SS316 and Ti-64 treated with 625&#xa0;J/cm<sup>2</sup> was greater than 3.5 and 50.8 times compared to the untreated, respectively. The grain size of SS316 and Ti-64 before and after maskless laser patterning does not have a significant change in the lattice structure. The proposed approach can be widely applied in IoTs for manufacturing components that need to use QR codes in conjunction with the barcode reader to quickly manage inventory.</p>

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Laser patterning of small-scale QR codes on SS316 and Ti-64 alloy surfaces for product identification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Shih-Feng Tseng,
  • Hsing-Bi Chen,
  • Cheng-Xing Luo,
  • Wen-Tse Hsiao

摘要

Laser-patterned small-scale QR codes have been widely used for rapid product identification in production history or inventory management. This study proposed a laser-heating oxidation mechanism to produce highly recognizable QR codes on metal surfaces that could save processing time and prevent environmental damage caused by chemical printing. Hence, maskless ultraviolet lasers with a wavelength of 355 nm were used to irradiate on the surface of alloys SS316 and Ti-64. The laser-patterned surface generated an oxide layer without ablating materials and produced the color change between oxides and raw materials. Laser power, scan speed, and scan spacing were adjusted to pattern QR codes for product identification. The tested results demonstrated that a higher laser power, slower scan speed, and lower scan spacing produced a dark oxide layer. This was due to a phenomenon of high thermal accumulation. Furthermore, the image recognition by the smartphone was more stable when the QR code was patterned with a scan speed of 60 mm/s and a scan spacing of 40 μm. The patterned QR codes for Ti-64 have significantly black colors compared to those for SS316. QR codes on surfaces SS316 and Ti-64 were found to have the ability to be recognized since the laser areal fluence was greater than 156.3 J/cm2. The elemental oxygen content of SS316 and Ti-64 treated with 625 J/cm2 was greater than 3.5 and 50.8 times compared to the untreated, respectively. The grain size of SS316 and Ti-64 before and after maskless laser patterning does not have a significant change in the lattice structure. The proposed approach can be widely applied in IoTs for manufacturing components that need to use QR codes in conjunction with the barcode reader to quickly manage inventory.