Application of a hybrid two-stage optimization framework for sustainable machining: a case study

This study introduces a novel two-stage optimization framework to enhance the sustainability of machining processes. The framework combines multi-objective optimization (MOO) using NSGA-II, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) using GRA, and experimental design techniques. A comprehensive set of sustainability indicators is identified and assessed. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated through its application to a recent case study, resulting in a notable 35.945% improvement in environmental sustainability assessment (EnSA). While trade-offs were observed for certain performance metrics, the overall solution offers a superior balance of economic and environmental objectives. The proposed approach provides a valuable tool for industries seeking to optimize machining processes for sustainability.