Enhancing visualization and interaction of complex spatial data through augmented reality

The visualization of complex spatial data is typically achieved using the Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointer (WIMP) method. However, this approach has limitations, including a steep learning curve, non-intuitive interfaces, and limited visualization capabilities. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an augmented reality-based (AR-based) visualization and interaction method for complex spatial data. By customizing the rendering pipeline, various visualization effects, such as clipping and lighting adjustments, can be achieved. Additionally, a prototype system called ARSpatialDX is developed. Furthermore, a user study is conducted to compare the AR and WIMP methods. The results indicate that AR outperforms WIMP in terms of virtual-reality matching, perception of physical properties, attractiveness, stimulation, perspicuity, and novelty aspects. Users generally find the direct interaction with data using their hands in AR to be highly interesting and express a strong willingness to continue using it.