Developing a model to predict and optimize the flexural and impact properties of jute/kenaf fiber nano-composite using response surface methodology

The primary objective of this study is to determine how the presence of nano-particles such as titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide (TiO₂ and SiO₂), as well as fiber alignment, affects the flexural and impact strength of the jute/kenaf nano-composite. The study investigates the independent variables of nano-particle weight percentages (TiO₂ and SiO₂) and fiber angle orientation to understand their combined impact on the flexural and impact strength of hybrid composites. Twenty experiment runs were performed using a response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD), a center point with six replicates, and altering the specified parameters. Statistical analysis of the outcomes highlights the significant influence of the chosen variables on both flexural strength and impact resistance properties. Flexural strength varied from 98 to 137 MPa throughout design levels, and impact strength varied from 282 to 328 kJ/m² throughout design levels. The maximum flexural strength, 137 MPa, was attained at 2.5 wt% TiO₂, 2.5 wt% SiO₂, and an 80° fiber angle orientation, while the foremost impact strength attained, 328 kJ/m², was obtained at 1 wt% TiO₂, 2.5 wt% SiO₂, and an 80° fiber angle orientation. This study found that the composite material tested is acceptable for replacing automobile interiors, particularly car dashboards, meeting current automotive industry specifications.