Research on 3D printing composite material mechanical characterization of robust soft-matter robots

The research aims to develop an affordable, user-friendly composite material with mechanical flexibility, durability, and wear-resistant properties for soft actuation to maintain its functionality and performance over time. In order to reach this goal, the experimental activities were specific into the following tasks: (a) material pre-selection, (b) design of the experiment, (c) specimen preparation (extrusion process), and (d) mechanical properties and material characterization. This research explores the utilization of regular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in combination with electric-conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU/E-TPU) to achieve enhanced flexibility and electrical conductivity. However, there is no doubt that composite materials are advanced materials with superior properties. The composite material is robust than both TPU and E-TPU in terms of its mechanical properties. It has the highest flexural strength 62 MPa, modulus 2.7 GPa, tensile strength 38 MPa, modulus 2.9 GPa, and fracture strain (480%). However, E-TPU and TPU represent a measured flexural strength of 35 MPa, indicating a similar level of strength. The SEM–EDS and microstructural analyses show excellent mechanical act of the composite. Carbon-based compounds (38% atomic C, 35% weight C) improve mechanical strength, stiffness, and robustness. Meanwhile, TPU’s polymer matrix uses oxygen (36% atomic, 44% weight) and boron (26% atomic, 21% weight) can enhance such characteristics, which is suitable for soft robotics, wearable electronics, aerospace, medical devices, and other manufacturing applications requiring flexible movement.