<p>We present a topology optimization framework for anisotropic elastoplastic structures based on a new deformation plasticity formulation derived directly from Hill’s yield criterion. Conventional incremental elastoplastic approaches in topology optimization, while accurate, are computationally demanding due to their path-dependent nature and the need to store internal variables over multiple load steps. The proposed Hill-based deformation plasticity formulation enables single-step loading and direct computation of the final equilibrium state, thereby eliminating path dependence and substantially reducing computational cost and memory requirements. The formulation is embedded within a density-based topology optimization framework with stiffness maximization as the design objective. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, validate the proportional loading assumption, and illustrate its applicability to realistic structural design problems. The results establish the Hill-based deformation plasticity formulation as a computationally efficient and robust alternative to conventional incremental elastoplastic methods.</p>