There is a growing interest in the use of stent procedures for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Stents, which are commonly made of steel or various alloys, are compressed through crimping and then inserted into the target blood vessels. Once in place, they are expanded using balloons and subsequently fixed to support the vessel. However, balloon-expansion stents have limitations, such as reduced flexibility and an increased risk of restenosis. In this study, materials were developed by combining \(F{e}_{3}{O}_{4}\) and polycaprolactone to design a shape memory composite stent that does not require balloon expansion while exhibiting magnetic responsiveness. Biodegradability tests were conducted under simulated body conditions, and tensile tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties. Based on the experimental data, the Ogden model was selected as the strain energy potential function and applied in the simulations. Stent simulations, including compression, bending, and crimping, were conducted to evaluate performance in accordance with ISO and ASTM standards. Subsequently, considering the time-dependent degradation of the material leading to reduced stiffness, a multi-objective optimization targeting compression resistance, bending deformation, and foreshortening rate was performed. The optimal design was obtained by generating a surrogate model using RSM and refining it with NSGA-II. Both optimized stents made of non-degraded and three-month biodegraded nanocomposites demonstrated improved results. This study offers promising insights into the design of biodegradable stents.
