<p>We consider combining the definition of a cardinal invariant and the notion of an infinite game. We focus on the splitting number <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> since the corresponding cardinal invariants behave in an interesting way. We introduce three kinds of games as reasonable realizations of the combination of the notions of splitting and infinite games. Then, we consider two cardinal invariants for each game, so we define six numbers. We prove that three of them are equal to the size of the continuum <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">c</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and one of them is equal to the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-splitting number <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {s}_\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is defined as the minimum size of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-splitting family. On the other hand, we show that the remaining two numbers are consistently different from <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">c</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {s}_\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, though the two numbers share almost the same rule of the game, we prove that they can take distinct values from each other, and hence the slight difference of the rule is actually crucial in this sense.</p>

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Game-theoretic variants of splitting number

  • Jorge Antonio Cruz Chapital,
  • Tatsuya Goto,
  • Yusuke Hayashi,
  • Takashi Yamazoe

摘要

We consider combining the definition of a cardinal invariant and the notion of an infinite game. We focus on the splitting number \(\mathfrak {s}\) s since the corresponding cardinal invariants behave in an interesting way. We introduce three kinds of games as reasonable realizations of the combination of the notions of splitting and infinite games. Then, we consider two cardinal invariants for each game, so we define six numbers. We prove that three of them are equal to the size of the continuum \(\mathfrak {c}\) c and one of them is equal to the \(\sigma \) σ -splitting number \(\mathfrak {s}_\sigma \) s σ , which is defined as the minimum size of a \(\sigma \) σ -splitting family. On the other hand, we show that the remaining two numbers are consistently different from \(\mathfrak {c}\) c , \(\mathfrak {s}\) s and \(\mathfrak {s}_\sigma \) s σ . Moreover, though the two numbers share almost the same rule of the game, we prove that they can take distinct values from each other, and hence the slight difference of the rule is actually crucial in this sense.