<p>We develop an algebraic study of W.S.&#xa0;Cooper’s three-valued propositional logic of ordinary discourse (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). This logic displays a number of unusual features: <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is not weaker but incomparable with classical logic, it is connexive, paraconsistent and contradictory. As a non-structural logic, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> cannot be algebraized by the standard methods. However, we show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has an algebraizable structural companion, and determine its equivalent semantics, which turns out to be a finitely-generated discriminator variety. We provide an equational and a twist presentation for this class of algebras, which allow us to compare it with other well-known algebras of non-classical logics. In this way we establish that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is definitionally equivalent to an expansion of the three-valued logic <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="153_2024_961_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {J}}3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">J</mi> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of D’Ottaviano and da Costa, itself a schematic extension of paraconsistent Nelson logic.</p>

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The algebra of ordinary discourse. On the semantics of Cooper’s logic

  • Umberto Rivieccio

摘要

We develop an algebraic study of W.S. Cooper’s three-valued propositional logic of ordinary discourse ( \(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\) O L ). This logic displays a number of unusual features: \(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\) O L is not weaker but incomparable with classical logic, it is connexive, paraconsistent and contradictory. As a non-structural logic, \(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\) O L cannot be algebraized by the standard methods. However, we show that \(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\) O L has an algebraizable structural companion, and determine its equivalent semantics, which turns out to be a finitely-generated discriminator variety. We provide an equational and a twist presentation for this class of algebras, which allow us to compare it with other well-known algebras of non-classical logics. In this way we establish that \(\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\) O L is definitionally equivalent to an expansion of the three-valued logic \({\mathcal {J}}3\) J 3 of D’Ottaviano and da Costa, itself a schematic extension of paraconsistent Nelson logic.