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<p>This paper examines the impact of children’s access to public education on maternal employment. We exploit China’s first nationwide Compulsory Schooling Laws (CSLs) in 1986, the age eligibility rules for school entry, and cross-province variation in pre-reform educational levels within a triple-difference framework. We find that the CSLs significantly increased maternal employment. This positive effect can be driven by increased labor demand in the education industry, but was primarily driven by supply-side mechanisms, including the implicitly subsidized public childcare substituting for maternal care and mothers’ self-insurance against additional expenditures on children’s education and forgone income from child labor.</p>

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Children’s access to public education and maternal employment: evidence from China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Fan Qin,
  • Yinhe Liang

摘要

This paper examines the impact of children’s access to public education on maternal employment. We exploit China’s first nationwide Compulsory Schooling Laws (CSLs) in 1986, the age eligibility rules for school entry, and cross-province variation in pre-reform educational levels within a triple-difference framework. We find that the CSLs significantly increased maternal employment. This positive effect can be driven by increased labor demand in the education industry, but was primarily driven by supply-side mechanisms, including the implicitly subsidized public childcare substituting for maternal care and mothers’ self-insurance against additional expenditures on children’s education and forgone income from child labor.