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<p>What is the Future of Human Mobility? This paper outlines a provocative roadmap on how human mobility may evolve between 2030 and 2100, examining developments decade by decade. Our vision is based on two key assumptions that shape this trajectory. The first assumption is that technological innovation around Artificial Intelligence (AI) will continue to grow at an exponential pace. The second assumption—arising as a consequence of the first—is that by 2050 we will have reached an era of carbon-neutral energy abundance. We consider this realistic, as the advent of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could accelerate research breakthroughs in sustainable energy production, including nuclear fusion and the large-scale deployment of renewable energies. Such innovations will be critical to meet the ever-increasing energy demands of intelligent systems. If these assumptions hold, we believe that the future of human mobility will look radically different from today. Contrary to many scholarly perspectives, we envision that the overall need for human mobility will decline rather than expand. This is because social interaction will increasingly take place not only in the physical world but also within immersive cyberspaces. Moreover, the ubiquity of highly mobile, intelligent agents will gradually assume many of the mobility tasks that humans currently perform. We emphasize that this roadmap is conditional on uncertain trajectories in AI progress and energy transitions, and we later discuss sensitivity to these assumptions.</p>

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From roads to realms: human mobility and its disruption in the century of artificial intelligence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Raphael Frank

摘要

What is the Future of Human Mobility? This paper outlines a provocative roadmap on how human mobility may evolve between 2030 and 2100, examining developments decade by decade. Our vision is based on two key assumptions that shape this trajectory. The first assumption is that technological innovation around Artificial Intelligence (AI) will continue to grow at an exponential pace. The second assumption—arising as a consequence of the first—is that by 2050 we will have reached an era of carbon-neutral energy abundance. We consider this realistic, as the advent of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could accelerate research breakthroughs in sustainable energy production, including nuclear fusion and the large-scale deployment of renewable energies. Such innovations will be critical to meet the ever-increasing energy demands of intelligent systems. If these assumptions hold, we believe that the future of human mobility will look radically different from today. Contrary to many scholarly perspectives, we envision that the overall need for human mobility will decline rather than expand. This is because social interaction will increasingly take place not only in the physical world but also within immersive cyberspaces. Moreover, the ubiquity of highly mobile, intelligent agents will gradually assume many of the mobility tasks that humans currently perform. We emphasize that this roadmap is conditional on uncertain trajectories in AI progress and energy transitions, and we later discuss sensitivity to these assumptions.