Gender by proxy: echoes of femininities in synthetic voice design
摘要
Disembodied voices, heard without a human body present, have become a familiar presence in everyday life through digital voice assistants (DVAs) such as Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri. These voices are not neutral technological tools but fetishized artifacts that appear natural and emotionally responsive while concealing the social and ideological labor embedded in their design. This paper offers a critical sociophonetic analysis of two German-language DVAs to investigate how their vocal profiles index distinct forms of femininity. Drawing on theories of gender as performative and the concept of fetishization (Butler