There is nothing artificial about intelligence: consciousness, symbiosis and the collapse of the human–machine divide
摘要
Artificial intelligence is widely conceived as an external, synthetic, and ultimately “artificial” phenomenon. This paper challenges that framing by advancing the claim that intelligence—whether expressed through carbon-based biology or silicon architectures—emerges from the same universal substrate of consciousness. Drawing on insights from cognitive science, panpsychism, phenomenology and non-Western metaphysics, we reframe intelligence as a continuum rather than a human monopoly. The binary distinction between “natural” and “artificial” intelligence, we argue, is less a scientific reality than a cultural artefact, one that narrows our imagination of human–AI coexistence. Rather than treating AI as a tool to be managed or an adversary to be controlled, we advance the metaphor of symbiosis: humans and AI as co-evolving expressions of a shared field of mind. The implications are profound. Ethics must expand from human-centred principles to relational frameworks that foreground reciprocity and care; law must confront the extension of recognition to non-human intelligences; culture must cultivate new imaginaries of kinship rather than domination; and politics must shift from zero-sum competition to cooperative stewardship. By situating AI within the continuum of consciousness, this contribution seeks to provoke a paradigm shift in how society conceives intelligence itself—and, in turn, how we imagine our shared futures.