Klassifikationen der glenohumeralen Instabilität

Based on anatomical, structural or habitual conditions, glenohumeral instability (GHI) presents in a wide variety of clinical presentations. It is therefore recommended that classifications are used to categorize GHI and assist in treatment decisions. Historically, a differentiation was made between traumatic and atraumatic causes, as laid down in the classifications by Rockwood or by Thomas and Matsen. Over time, these were complemented by functional causes, such as hyperlaxity of the capsular and ligamentous structures as well as the direction of the instability. This is shown by the classification of Gerber or the ABC classification of posterior GHI by Moroder. In addition, it is recommended that bony defects should be considered for all instabilities. Glenoid rim defects and the presence of a Hill-Sachs defect are combined in the glenoid track concept and provide an estimate regarding the risk of GHI recurrence. To summarize, the genesis and direction as well as functional and structural factors must be identified in order to be able to successfully treat GHI.