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Background <p>Intraoperative imaging using mobile C‑arms is well established in spine surgery. Traditionally, the C‑arm operation is performed by <i>“non-sterile”</i> OR staff. The full motorization of mobile C‑arms enables direct control from the sterile field and automated movement paths, potentially improving efficiency and imaging quality.</p> Objectives <p>This prospective single-center study compared the use of a&#xa0;motorized mobile C‑arm (mC-arm) with a&#xa0;non-motorized standard C‑arm (sC-arm) in terms of intraoperative time, motion, and radiation parameters during spinal procedures.</p> Materials and methods <p>A&#xa0;total of 41&#xa0;minimally invasive spine surgeries with either ventral or dorsal spondylodesis were included. C‑arm movements were recorded using the system’s log files (mC-arm) or IMU sensors (sC-arm). Additionally, radiation exposure and time-related parameters were collected.</p> Results and discussion <p>In dorsal spondylodesis, there was a&#xa0;trend towards a&#xa0;reduction in the number of 2D images (−17.8%; <i>p</i> <i>=</i> 0.284) with improved collimation (+38.6%; <i>p</i> <i>=</i> 0.077) and a&#xa0;reduction in the dose area product (DAP) (−27.0% <i>p</i> <i>=</i> 0.483) when using the mC-arm, but without significance. In ventral spondylodesis, the use of the mC-arm showed a&#xa0;significant reduction in DAP (−53.0%; <i>p</i> <i>=</i> 0.040), a&#xa0;significant increase in the collimation rate (86.1% vs. 34.7%; <i>p</i> <i>&lt;</i> <i>0.001</i>), and a&#xa0;tendency towards shorter operating times (−22.0%; <i>p</i> <i>=</i> 0.197).</p> Conclusion <p>The motorization of a&#xa0;mobile C‑arm combined with control from the sterile field can optimize intraoperative imaging and reduce radiation exposure. These findings suggest a&#xa0;substantial potential for workflow improvement that should be further evaluated in future studies.</p>

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Selbstfahrender vollständig motorisierter C-Bogen in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie: Eine vergleichende Studie

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Benno Bullert,
  • Luca Rübel,
  • Jochen Franke,
  • Paul A. Grützner,
  • Sven Y. Vetter,
  • Felix Zimmermann

摘要

Background

Intraoperative imaging using mobile C‑arms is well established in spine surgery. Traditionally, the C‑arm operation is performed by “non-sterile” OR staff. The full motorization of mobile C‑arms enables direct control from the sterile field and automated movement paths, potentially improving efficiency and imaging quality.

Objectives

This prospective single-center study compared the use of a motorized mobile C‑arm (mC-arm) with a non-motorized standard C‑arm (sC-arm) in terms of intraoperative time, motion, and radiation parameters during spinal procedures.

Materials and methods

A total of 41 minimally invasive spine surgeries with either ventral or dorsal spondylodesis were included. C‑arm movements were recorded using the system’s log files (mC-arm) or IMU sensors (sC-arm). Additionally, radiation exposure and time-related parameters were collected.

Results and discussion

In dorsal spondylodesis, there was a trend towards a reduction in the number of 2D images (−17.8%; p = 0.284) with improved collimation (+38.6%; p = 0.077) and a reduction in the dose area product (DAP) (−27.0% p = 0.483) when using the mC-arm, but without significance. In ventral spondylodesis, the use of the mC-arm showed a significant reduction in DAP (−53.0%; p = 0.040), a significant increase in the collimation rate (86.1% vs. 34.7%; p < 0.001), and a tendency towards shorter operating times (−22.0%; p = 0.197).

Conclusion

The motorization of a mobile C‑arm combined with control from the sterile field can optimize intraoperative imaging and reduce radiation exposure. These findings suggest a substantial potential for workflow improvement that should be further evaluated in future studies.