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Background <p>Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a&#xa0;cold treatment with temperatures ranging from −60 °C to −180 °C and was first used in 1980 by Yamauchi in Japan to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Outside Japan, this therapeutic method was first used in Germany in 1984. An air temperature of −120 to −110 °C cools the skin surface to as low as 5 °C, but does not change core body temperature.</p> Mode of function <p>The cold stimulates the Aδ afferents thermally and inhibits the transmission of pain signals via the C-nerve fiber system from the spinal cord to the brain (information from the thermoreceptors and nociceptors has the same afferent pathways in the spinal cord—“conduction competition”). Furthermore, the Aδ afferent influx in the central nervous system (cortex, limbic system, thalamus) influences pain assessment and pain perception with corresponding efferent effects. In addition, WBC causes biochemical, hormonal, and immunomodulatory changes as well as accompanying muscle relaxation.</p> Application spectrum <p>WBC is increasingly being used in the treatment of back pain, fibromyalgia syndrome, and depression. Back pain, fibromyalgia syndrome, and depression often occur together. WBC is a&#xa0;component of multimodal treatment for back pain, especially when fibromyalgia syndrome or depression is also present.</p>

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Ganzkörperkältetherapie bei Rückenschmerz

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Alexander Schuh,
  • Achim Benditz,
  • Philipp Koehl

摘要

Background

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a cold treatment with temperatures ranging from −60 °C to −180 °C and was first used in 1980 by Yamauchi in Japan to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Outside Japan, this therapeutic method was first used in Germany in 1984. An air temperature of −120 to −110 °C cools the skin surface to as low as 5 °C, but does not change core body temperature.

Mode of function

The cold stimulates the Aδ afferents thermally and inhibits the transmission of pain signals via the C-nerve fiber system from the spinal cord to the brain (information from the thermoreceptors and nociceptors has the same afferent pathways in the spinal cord—“conduction competition”). Furthermore, the Aδ afferent influx in the central nervous system (cortex, limbic system, thalamus) influences pain assessment and pain perception with corresponding efferent effects. In addition, WBC causes biochemical, hormonal, and immunomodulatory changes as well as accompanying muscle relaxation.

Application spectrum

WBC is increasingly being used in the treatment of back pain, fibromyalgia syndrome, and depression. Back pain, fibromyalgia syndrome, and depression often occur together. WBC is a component of multimodal treatment for back pain, especially when fibromyalgia syndrome or depression is also present.