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<p>Infections of the vulva, vagina, and cervix are common clinical findings in daily gynecological practice and can be accompanied by various urogenital symptoms. Typical symptoms include itching, burning, and changes in vaginal discharge. However, diagnosis is difficult due to a&#xa0;variety of differential diagnoses and the often oligoasymptomatic course of sexually transmitted infections. In this respect, the unstained vaginal smear is an important diagnostic tool. Pathogens causing cervicitis are usually identified using nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT). Specific treatment of infections is especially important for maintaining the vaginal microbiome and reducing the risk of inflammatory involvement of upper genital tract organs and their long-term consequences, such as sterility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pain. If treatment is not successful, further diagnostics are required. The following article (part&#xa0;1) discusses the healthy vulvovaginal milieu, important basics of infectious disease diagnostics, and infections of the vulva and vulvovaginal candidiasis. A&#xa0;second article (part&#xa0;2) will deal with infections of the vagina and cervix.</p>

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Infektionen von Vulva, Vagina und Zervix

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Anna Maria Westermann,
  • Johannes Ackermann,
  • Karin Maass-Poppenhusen,
  • Ibrahim Alkatout,
  • Werner Mendling

摘要

Infections of the vulva, vagina, and cervix are common clinical findings in daily gynecological practice and can be accompanied by various urogenital symptoms. Typical symptoms include itching, burning, and changes in vaginal discharge. However, diagnosis is difficult due to a variety of differential diagnoses and the often oligoasymptomatic course of sexually transmitted infections. In this respect, the unstained vaginal smear is an important diagnostic tool. Pathogens causing cervicitis are usually identified using nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT). Specific treatment of infections is especially important for maintaining the vaginal microbiome and reducing the risk of inflammatory involvement of upper genital tract organs and their long-term consequences, such as sterility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pain. If treatment is not successful, further diagnostics are required. The following article (part 1) discusses the healthy vulvovaginal milieu, important basics of infectious disease diagnostics, and infections of the vulva and vulvovaginal candidiasis. A second article (part 2) will deal with infections of the vagina and cervix.