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<p>Compound events of extreme heat and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution pose severe risks to public health in megacities. Using ground-based observations and chemical transport model simulations, we identified distinct synoptic patterns associated with hot-polluted versus cool-clean conditions in Shanghai during the summers of 2022–2025. Hot-polluted days were characterized by higher heat index (HI ≥ 41&#xa0;°C), elevated O<sub>3</sub> (MDA8 ≥ 160&#xa0;µg m<sup>− 3</sup>), and southwesterly winds at 925&#xa0;hPa. While anthropogenic NOx levels were comparable, biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from forests south of Shanghai increased significantly under high-temperature conditions. These BVOCs, transported by prevailing southwesterly winds, exacerbated O<sub>3</sub> formation downwind in Shanghai. Our findings highlight that regional biogenic emissions, amplified by extreme heat, are a critical driver of O<sub>3</sub> exceedances, complicating control strategies in the Yangtze River Delta.</p>

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Biogenic VOCs from Regional Forests Amplify Ozone Pollution in Shanghai Under Extreme Heat Stress Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Pei Liu,
  • Yucong Miao

摘要

Compound events of extreme heat and ozone (O3) pollution pose severe risks to public health in megacities. Using ground-based observations and chemical transport model simulations, we identified distinct synoptic patterns associated with hot-polluted versus cool-clean conditions in Shanghai during the summers of 2022–2025. Hot-polluted days were characterized by higher heat index (HI ≥ 41 °C), elevated O3 (MDA8 ≥ 160 µg m− 3), and southwesterly winds at 925 hPa. While anthropogenic NOx levels were comparable, biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from forests south of Shanghai increased significantly under high-temperature conditions. These BVOCs, transported by prevailing southwesterly winds, exacerbated O3 formation downwind in Shanghai. Our findings highlight that regional biogenic emissions, amplified by extreme heat, are a critical driver of O3 exceedances, complicating control strategies in the Yangtze River Delta.