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<p>Monensin (MON), a widely used ionophore antibiotic in livestock production, has been increasingly detected in aquatic environments, yet its phytotoxic effects remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the responses of the aquatic macrophyte <i>Bidens laevis</i> to MON through germination, growth, and physiological biomarkers under controlled conditions. MON effects were concentration-and time-dependent: higher concentrations stimulated radicle elongation in seeds but inhibited root and seedling growth, while environmentally relevant levels (≤ 100&#xa0;µg L<sup>−1</sup>) induced some oxidative stress responses in shoots after 48&#xa0;h. Photosynthetic pigments exhibited no consistent signs of phytotoxicity. Overall, <i>B. laevis</i> showed a high tolerance to MON exposure, suggesting its potential role as a promising candidate species for the phytoremediation of antibiotic-contaminated aquatic systems, particularly in livestock-intensive regions.</p>

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Monensin-Induced Changes in Germination, Growth and Physiological Stress in the Emergent Macrophyte Bidens laevis L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Daniela M. Truchet,
  • Débora J. Pérez,
  • Lucas R. Lombardero,
  • Diana M. Villagran,
  • Julieta R. Mendieta,
  • Sandra K. Medici,
  • Fernando G. Iturburu,
  • Mirta L. Menone

摘要

Monensin (MON), a widely used ionophore antibiotic in livestock production, has been increasingly detected in aquatic environments, yet its phytotoxic effects remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the responses of the aquatic macrophyte Bidens laevis to MON through germination, growth, and physiological biomarkers under controlled conditions. MON effects were concentration-and time-dependent: higher concentrations stimulated radicle elongation in seeds but inhibited root and seedling growth, while environmentally relevant levels (≤ 100 µg L−1) induced some oxidative stress responses in shoots after 48 h. Photosynthetic pigments exhibited no consistent signs of phytotoxicity. Overall, B. laevis showed a high tolerance to MON exposure, suggesting its potential role as a promising candidate species for the phytoremediation of antibiotic-contaminated aquatic systems, particularly in livestock-intensive regions.