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<p>This study examined the histopathological effects of metribuzin on Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) under acute exposure. Fish were exposed to measured exposure concentrations (0.95–2.85&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, determined by HPLC with 95–98% recovery) over 24&#xa0;h, 72&#xa0;h, 96&#xa0;h, and 15&#xa0;days. All tested concentrations resulted in significant mortality, confirming that the exposures represented acute toxicity conditions. Histopathological analyses revealed dose- and time-dependent tissue damage, including gill epithelial rupture, neuronal degeneration in the brain, hepatocyte necrosis, and muscle degeneration. Mortality and tissue damage were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), confirming significant differences among exposure groups and controls. LC<sub>50</sub> values were estimated using probit analysis (24-h LC<sub>50</sub> = 7.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>; 95% CI 6.5–7.8), indicating that the test range was below the reported 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> for tilapia (50–150&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>; EXTOXNET 2023). These findings confirm the significant toxicity of metribuzin to <i>O. niloticus</i> and indicate potential ecological risk to freshwater fish under acute exposure conditions.</p>

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Acute Toxicity and Histopathological Effects of Metribuzin in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Cathrine Veronica,
  • Jelin Vilvest,
  • Alex Yagoo,
  • A. Mariya Vaishnika

摘要

This study examined the histopathological effects of metribuzin on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under acute exposure. Fish were exposed to measured exposure concentrations (0.95–2.85 mg L−1, determined by HPLC with 95–98% recovery) over 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 15 days. All tested concentrations resulted in significant mortality, confirming that the exposures represented acute toxicity conditions. Histopathological analyses revealed dose- and time-dependent tissue damage, including gill epithelial rupture, neuronal degeneration in the brain, hepatocyte necrosis, and muscle degeneration. Mortality and tissue damage were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (p < 0.05), confirming significant differences among exposure groups and controls. LC50 values were estimated using probit analysis (24-h LC50 = 7.0 mg L−1; 95% CI 6.5–7.8), indicating that the test range was below the reported 96-h LC50 for tilapia (50–150 mg L−1; EXTOXNET 2023). These findings confirm the significant toxicity of metribuzin to O. niloticus and indicate potential ecological risk to freshwater fish under acute exposure conditions.