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<p>Groundwater is a vital source of drinking and irrigation water in the Nanfei River Basin of Lake Chao. Therefore, conducting investigations and assessments of it is crucial for ensuring public livelihood and supporting agricultural development. By collecting 103 shallow groundwater samples from the Nanfei River Basin, this study comprehensively applied the Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) and Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI) to evaluate groundwater quality. The results indicate that the groundwater chemistry is dominated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. Concentrations of pollutants such as NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> were notably elevated in areas with intensive human activity. Water quality assessment showed 91.3% samples met excellent/good standards, though mid-downstream areas showed localized deterioration from agricultural/industrial impacts. Nitrate pollution affected 31.07% samples (6.81% severely), primarily from agricultural fertilizers and domestic sewage. Furthermore, proposing targeted zoning strategies for groundwater management in the Nanfei River Basin through an integrated EWQI-NPI-GIS framework. The results highlight the need for enhanced pollution control and real-time monitoring in mid-downstream areas to safeguard drinking water security and ecological sustainability.</p>

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Water Quality Assessment of the Nanfei River Basin Using Entropy Weighted Water Quality and Nitrate Pollution Index

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Yang Long,
  • Jiazhong Qian,
  • Zhen Yang,
  • Bing Wang,
  • Yuan Liu,
  • Huan Zhou

摘要

Groundwater is a vital source of drinking and irrigation water in the Nanfei River Basin of Lake Chao. Therefore, conducting investigations and assessments of it is crucial for ensuring public livelihood and supporting agricultural development. By collecting 103 shallow groundwater samples from the Nanfei River Basin, this study comprehensively applied the Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) and Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI) to evaluate groundwater quality. The results indicate that the groundwater chemistry is dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3−, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. Concentrations of pollutants such as NO3−, Cl−, and SO42− were notably elevated in areas with intensive human activity. Water quality assessment showed 91.3% samples met excellent/good standards, though mid-downstream areas showed localized deterioration from agricultural/industrial impacts. Nitrate pollution affected 31.07% samples (6.81% severely), primarily from agricultural fertilizers and domestic sewage. Furthermore, proposing targeted zoning strategies for groundwater management in the Nanfei River Basin through an integrated EWQI-NPI-GIS framework. The results highlight the need for enhanced pollution control and real-time monitoring in mid-downstream areas to safeguard drinking water security and ecological sustainability.